Lumpectomy followed by breast irradiation is an alternative to mastectomy for patients with early-stage breast cancer. The purpose of radiation treatment following lumpectomy is to minimize the risk of recurrent cancer in the treated breast with as little toxicity as possible so that good cosmesis and function are maintained.

Conventional fractionation schedules for postlumpectomy radiotherapy give 50 Gy in 2 Gy daily fractions, often with an additional boost to the tumor bed, resulting in treatment being given over 5-7 weeks. Delivering postoperative radiotherapy in a shorter period of time, provided it is as effective as longer treatment regiments, could result in greater convenience for patients. Moreover, given the high incidence of breast cancer, the use of a shorter fractionation schedule would decrease waiting lists in busy radiotherapy departments. We searched the medline (pubmed) and we reviewed all the relevant publications. We concluded that the accelerated hypofractionated schedules are safe in terms of cosmesis and effective in terms of local control.